.a_wrap {font-size:16px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:26px;} Introduction The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) was formally established and currently includes seven think tanks in Myanmar. As a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program, series of reports of this paper is focused on public opinion polling and policy research in Myanmar to identify citizen’s perceptions of public policy and make meaningful policy suggestions. Each author was assigned and conducted a survey on an issue such as waste management, public parks, stray dogs, markets, taxation, water distribution system, streets and street lights in Yangon city in Myanmar.            Contents This paper is organized in nine parts as follows: Overview of the 2019 MDRN Survey: Citizen Perceptions of YCDC Public Services (East Asia Institute & Hankook Research) Municipal Solid Waste Management (Naushawng Development Institute) Parks in Yangon: Accessible Public Parks for All (Another Development) Stray Dogs in Yangon (Open Myanmar Initiative) Public Opinion of the Market (Yangon School of Political Science) Public Opinion Survey on VCDC Taxation (Salween Institute for Public Policy) Public Opinion Survey on Water Distribution System of YCDC (Sandhi Governance Institute) The Perceptions of Yangon City Residents of Streets and Streets Lights (Yone Kyi Yar) Myanmar and Yangon Governance Assessment: Using Importance-Performance Analysis (Hankook Research & East Asia Institute)   [Appendix] Questionnaire for 2019 MDRN Survey Data books for 2019 MDRN Survey     Authors East Asia Institute, Hankook Research, Naushawng Development Institute, Another Development, Open Myanmar Initiative, Yangon School of Political Science, Salween Institute for Public Policy, Sandhi Governance Institute, and Yone Kyi Yar contributed to the research and writing of each report. EAI provided support in the form of typesetting and proofreading for the production of the reports.    

.a_wrap {font-size:14px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:20px;} Editor's Note The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar partner organizations established Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) and conducted a joint public opinion survey on Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)’s public services. This series of reports is compiled as a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program. As the ninth paper of the series, Hanwool Jeong and Younghyun Lee published “Myanmar and Yangon Governance Assessment: Using Importance-Performance Analysis”. Using the result of the 2019 MDRN Survey, the authors analyzed Yangon citizens’ trust in governmental institutions and the relationship between the level of trust and the satisfaction of YCDC services. Additionally, the authors use importance-performance analysis in order to examine the quality of 14 core services that YCDC promotes as duties and responsibilities. The authors argue that among 14 responsibilities, only two services were rated as both important and well-implemented, which other services can benchmark.      Introduction The quality of public services not only affects the quality of citizen lives, but also trust in institutions. It is particularly urgent in less developed new democracies to develop human capital, establish public infrastructure, and enhance the quality of public services to increase the quality of life, and these have emerged as critical challenges when it comes to assessing local governance (Lim, 2010). In Myanmar, even before the transfer of power, the transfer of responsibility for providing public services and making effective improvements were seen as vital tasks (Myanmar Times 2014). Using the survey results of the 2019 MDRN Survey, this paper assesses the trust in political institutions in Myanmar and how citizens perceive the importance and performance of 14 core duties/responsibilities that the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) has. This paper aims to review the correlation between the current assessments of YCDC policies and the level of trust in YCDC using Importance-Performance Analysis.   Table of Contents This paper is organized in five parts as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Myanmar/Yangon Governance Assessment: Trust in Institutions 3. Analyzing the Current Duties and Responsibilities of YCDC Using IPA 4. Evaluation of and Trust in YCDC 5. YCDC: What Should the Next Step Be?   Author Hanwool Jeong is a Senior Research Fellow and Research Designer at Hankook Research in South Korea. He received his Ph.D. in political science from Korea University, and was the executive director at the Center for Public Opinion Research at the East Asia Institute until 2015. His recent publications include “The Corruption Scandal and Vote Switching in South Korea’s 19th Presidential Election” (2019), “Generation as Group Identity and its Political Effect” (2018), “Rising Swing Conservatives in South Korea: The Causes and Results” (2017) and “National Identity Change in South Korea: The Rise of Two Nations and Two State Identities” (2017). Younghyun Lee is a research associate and project manager at the East Asia Institute (EAI). She is currently managing the program “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar.” She received her B.A. in French literature and international studies and her M.A. in political science from Korea University. Her recent publications include “Divergent Paths of Integration in the Post-Multicultural Era: Interculturalism in Spain and Civic Integration in France” (2019).   사진 출처 : 연합뉴스

.a_wrap {font-size:14px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:20px;} Editor's Note The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar partner organizations established Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) and conducted a joint public opinion survey on Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)’s public services. This series of reports is compiled as a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program. As the eighth paper of the series, Salween Institue for Public Policy (SIPP) published “Public Opinion Survey on YCDC Taxation”. Using the result of the 2019 MDRN Survey, SIPP assesses citizens’ perceptions of YCDC taxation. SIPP points out the lack of transparency on YCDC budget and expenditure and argues that YCDC needs to provide clear and specified budget in order for the public to know how YCDC spends their money.     Introduction In 2014 and 2015, Yangon City and Mandalay City respectively held city development committee elections. Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) comprises seven committee members, four of whom are elected. Under the supervision of this committee, 12 district-level and 99 township-level committee members run city development affairs. It plays a crucial role in services delivery to the biggest city in Myanmar. Yangon, the largest commercial city of Myanmar with an estimated population of 7.3 million, is experiencing rapid urbanization and accelerated development. Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) is one of the local government organizations involved in this urbanization and development. As a municipal organization, the YCDC provides services with the tax it collects. At the same time, YCDC is a decentralized institution that pursues its own sources of revenue. After March 31, 2019, YCDC formed a new committee and structural members. The new structure of the committee will change many procedures and policies in their upcoming activities. When this occurs, it will be critical to know the opinions of the residents of Yangon in order to improve the performance and services of YCDC. As the most decentralized institution both in terms of responsibilities and financial authority, YCDC needs to know public opinion regarding taxation. From a financial perspective, YCDC also needs to improve the sys-tems it uses to collect tax and persuade the public to support the improvement of their services and performance. Thus, this survey data was collected to learn about public opinion with regard to taxation. Several types of taxes are paid by Yangon residents, and this article describes their opinion of these taxes.   Table of Contents This paper is organized in six parts as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Knowledge of the Respondents 3. Tax Collection 4. Satisfaction of the Respondents 5. Analysis of the Findings 6. Promoting the Accountability of YCDC   Author Salween Institute for Public Policy blends objective analysis and hands-on community empowerment programs to frame policy debate and help shape public policy in Burma/Myanmar based on social justice, environmental responsibilities and ethnic right to self-determination. Our vision is to help shape a better future for the peoples of Burma/Myanmar.   Towards this vision, SI has two key objectives: (1) informing citizens of key policy issues impacting Burma/Myanmar through independent, objective analyses and public seminars/lectures, and (2) empower ingindividuals and civil society organizations across the country through trainings and technical assistance so that they can participate in the shaping of public policies.   사진 출처 : 연합뉴스

.a_wrap {font-size:14px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:20px;} Editor's Note The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar partner organizations established Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) and conducted a joint public opinion survey on Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)’s public services. This series of reports is compiled as a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program. As the seventh paper of the series, Yangon School of Political Science (YSPS) published “Public Opinion of the Markets”. Using the result of the 2019 MDRN Survey, YSPS assesses citizens’ perceptions of markets in Yangon. Focusing on public health, YSPS asserts the importance of cooperation between YCDC, government departments, health officials, Parliament and CSOs on the issues of market cleanliness, air quality, infrastructure integrity and food safety.     Introduction Markets play a crucial role in the development of people’s lives in a country. They can improve living standards and provide essential goods and services for urban residents. The population of Yangon is increasing significantly. In 1983, there were 1,302,462 people in Yangon, which has increased rapidly to 5,243,989 in 2017. In order to provide sufficient goods and services for this increasing population, markets are very important in our daily lives. Markets need to provide fresh, healthy, and clean food to the public, and there is a need to manage these markets effectively and efficiently. Responsibility, accountability, and transparency in Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) management affects the service and quality of markets in the Yangon region. People want better services provided by public markets such as a safe environment, healthy food, and so on. People are currently facing many problems relating to the markets in Yangon and YCDC’s management in the public administration sector. This paper specifically aims to explore public opinion of the markets.   Table of Contents This paper is organized in nine parts as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Survey Methodology and Limitations 3. The Role of YCDC in Managing the Markets 4. Functions of the YCDC Market Department 5. YCDC Administration of Markets 6. Findings 7. General Assessment of the Markets 8. General Discussion on Findings 9. Recommendations and Conclusions   Author Yangon School of Political Science was founded in 2011, with a goal to create an independent university, while at the same time engaging in the country’s democratic transition process. Through their work, YSPS hopes to create progressive, democratically-minded citizens who would help Myanmar to make the successful transition towards a sustainable democratic future. YSPS provides education on political science to all those who are interested in this fundamentally important topic. YSPS conducts classes, holds seminars and workshops, and works with students and civil society. YSPS engages not only as a political education provider, but also as a politically independent institution which critically assesses the reform process and shares opinions with civil society, political stakeholders, and the international community. YSPS aims to become a formal academic institution with expertise on research-based education with a special focus on political science and democracy.   사진 출처 : 연합뉴스  

.a_wrap {font-size:14px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:20px;} Editor's Note The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar partner organizations established Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) and conducted a joint public opinion survey on Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)’s public services. This series of reports is compiled as a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program. As the sixth paper of the series, Open Myanmar Initiative (OMI) published “Stray Dogs in Yangon”. Using the result of the 2019 MDRN Survey, OMI assesses citizens’ perceptions of stray dog and points out the weakness of the current sys-tem in controlling the spread of stray dogs. OMI argues that YCDC should put more energy and resources to the problem of stay dogs and should modify its control method, as most of citizens do not think of it as right and effective.      Introduction Stray dogs can become a serious problem in public administration for the development of a city. Stray dogs can mostly be found in streets and public areas. They are waifs that may have been abandoned by their owners due to a number of reasons. Most stray dogs breed freely and have unknown owners. They cause numerous problems by barking, howling, fighting over mating, and attacks, and the smell of dog urine and feces can be very disturbing to people, especially pedestrians, in cities. Stray dog overpopulation occurs in cities where the city authorities assume that it is a minor problem with no need for a sys-tematic and urgent solution. As of 2018, the global stray dog population was estimated to be 900 million by some sources, while the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates it around 200 million. In Myanmar, the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation stated in 2019 that there are 38 million dogs in the country, and 27 million of them are stray. This means that overall, 70% of dogs in Myanmar are stray dogs. The department estimated the number of stray dogs in the Yangon Municipal Area to be between 236,000 and 280,000. The Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) stated the fertility of stray dogs ranges from 20% to 25%. In consideration of these statistics, it is essential to set up short-term and long-term policy to decrease the population of stray dogs living in streets and public areas of Yangon Municipal Area in order to control fertility. This research paper reviews the opinions of city dwellers in Yangon city on the stray dog problem and the YCDC’s approaches to resolving it. It also explores the numbers, causes, and impacts of stray dogs and aims to provide useful information not only for policy makers and planners but also the public. conducting the survey “Citizen Perceptions of Yangon City’s Public Services” in April 2019, and the results from this survey are presented in this report. The MDRN survey was conducted using four-step probability sampling. With a 95% confidence level and a margin of error of (+/-) 4.45, the data was collected from 485 adults (aged 18 years and older) in Yangon via face-to-face interviews.   Table of Contents This paper is organized in five parts as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Increasing Stray Dogs, Growing Worries 3. Threats (disruption) from stray dogs 4. Controlling the problem of stray dogs 5. Conclusion   Author Open Myanmar Initiative is a nonprofit organization promoting the right to information and education. The OMI is the first ever independent political think-tank in Myanmar and they try to play an important role to formulate policy studies and recommendations on various political issues and provide them to policy makers, political parties, civil society organizations and general population through various delivery sys-tems, including publishing, using social media networks, providing trainings and public talks, organizing seminars and conferences, as well as direct engagement with Members of Parliament and the Government Ministers.  

.a_wrap {font-size:14px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:20px;} Editor's Note The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar partner organizations established Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) and conducted a joint public opinion survey on Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)’s public services. This series of reports is compiled as a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program. As the fifth paper of the series, Yone Kyi Yar published “The Perceptions of Yangon City Residents of Streets and Street Lights”. Using the result of the 2019 MDRN Survey, Yone Kyi Yar assesses citizens’ perceptions of streets and street lights in Yangon City and provides policy suggestions by arguing that citizens have both positive and negative views on the current status of streets and street lights, which YCDC should also be aware of.     Introduction Rapid urbanization is a big challenge for Myanmar, and the government, Parliament, and municipal organizations are working hard to plan sys-tematic and sustainable urban development. The respective authorities and policy makers prescribe rules and procedures for urban planning and implementation, which shape the urban life of residents in both the short and long term. However, in Myanmar, authorities have in the past disregarded participation of residents and their opinions in urban planning processes and on other issues due to the authoritarian nature of the prior regime. Under the current democratic regime, government officials have begun to assess and emphasize public opinions and perspectives in the policy process. In democratic sys-tems, public opinions and experiences comprise a vital part of policy making and the policy implementation process. The perspectives of residents in a particular area reflect the real situation on the ground of that place, and so citizen perspectives and experiences of their urban lives, which are a key aspect in managing urban planning and urban development, should always be explored and recorded. Democratic governments are also accountable to their citizens for the policies they implement and how they implement them. Governments should reflect the priorities and needs of their citizens (International Budget Partnership, 2012). The Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) provides urban services within its city limits. Those urban services should be aligned with citizen needs. In the 2017 and 2018 City Life surveys, residents remarked that Yangon is headed in the right direction with continuous infrastructure and road development. Residents also prioritize budget allocation to the improvement of road conditions (The Asia Foundation, 2017 and 2018). Streets are one of the key aspects of the development indices of a city or a town. At the same time, streets are public spaces and should be for everyone to assess. Particularly in Yangon, which has a high volume of traffic congestion, streets are loaded with cars, yet ordinary people who walk along the streets should have good access to them as well. Citizens should be able to enjoy a pleasant atmosphere when walking along or using the streets. In addition to the streets, the public is concerned with other related infrastructure. Streets and related infrastructure are essential components that every urban authority should emphasize. The main focuses of this study are as follows: 1. To explore the perception of residents of streets and street lights in Yangon City. 2. To provide evidence to YCDC for better urban planning through the perceptions of Yangon City residents. Yone Kyi Yar worked as part of the Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) in conducting the survey “Citizen Perceptions of Yangon City’s Public Services” in April 2019, and the results from this survey are presented in this report. The MDRN survey was conducted using four-step probability sampling. With a 95% confidence level and a margin of error of (+/-) 4.45, the data was collected from 485 adults (aged 18 years and older) in Yangon via face-to-face interviews.   Table of Contents This paper is organized in three parts as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Key Findings 3. Discussion and Recommendations   Author Yone Kyi Yar stitute was founded by university students and active youth in Mandalay on 22nd July, 2011. At first, its main activities were weekly book clubs, group discussion and topic presentations. At the end of 2013, members of Yone Kyi Yar decided to take another step forward. Then, Yone Kyi Yar rent a building and founded a free public library and training center in Mandalay to serve the community better. Then it also expanded new activities such as intellectual talks and capacity building trainings. Organization was started with community donations before April 2014 of NED grant. Free public library is still independent of international funding and runs only with community donations so far. Now there are 5 founding board committee members, 4 executive staffs, 6 office staffs and more than 40 volunteers in Yone Kyi Yar. Yone Kyi Yar’s main functions are Trainings, Research and Policy Advocacy and Free Public Library Service.  

.a_wrap {font-size:14px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:20px;} Editor's Note The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar partner organizations established Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) and conducted a joint public opinion survey on Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)’s public services. This series of reports is compiled as a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program. As the fourth paper of the series, Sandhi Governance Institute published “Public Opinion Survey on Water Distribution Sys-tem of YCDC”. Sandhi, by using the result of the 2019 MDRN Survey, assesses management of water distribution in Yangon and provides policy suggestions to ensure that clean water is accessible to everyone, regardless of districts citizens reside in.     Introduction Yangon, located in the middle of lower Myanmar, has a population of more than 7.3 million people according to the 2014 census. The Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC), which has existed as a municipal committee since colonial times, covers 33 out of the 45 townships of Yangon. As the population density in Yangon increases, so does the demand for water, which means that providing a sufficient water supply is a major challenge for Yangon. Population growth and economic development can also be directly affected by the water demand.  YCDC supplies the city with water from Gyobyu, Phyugyi, Hlawga, Ngamoeyeik (First Phase), Ngamoeyeik (Second Phase) reservoirs and operates 442 tube wells. YCDC provides 27 MGD of water from Gyobyu, 54 MGD from Phyugyi, 14 MGD from Hlawga, 45 MGD from Ngamoeyeik (First Phase), 45 MGD from Ngamoeyiek (Second Phase) and 20 MGD from the YCDC-owned tube well daily in Yangon, but people still lack water. YCDC supplies enough water for just 38% of the households in Yangon. It seems that although YCDC distributes water to cover all 46 townships, most wards do not receive water access from YCDC because of various reasons. This study will give an overview of the current situation of water usage; examine the water supply sys-tem of YCDC; provide suggestions to YCDC for the implementation of an improved public water supply sys-tem; and help in understanding public opinion and the level of satisfaction that residents have with the YCDC water distribution sys-tem in Yangon. Our survey was divided to cover both households which are using water from YCDC and those which are not using water from YCDC. The survey was conducted on 485 households located in 16 townships among the 46 townships under the YCDC by using the probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) method. Of the households surveyed, 212 receive water from YCDC and 270 households do not. There were three missing values when we analyzed the data. The results were analyzed separately by distinguishing the households which are reached from those which are not reached by the YCDC water supply.   Table of Contents This paper is organized in five parts as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Accessibility and Quality of Water Service 3. Cost and Payment of Service 4. Evaluation of and Satisfaction with YCDC Services 5. Conclusion and Policy Implications   Author Sandhi Governance Institute was founded by two master in public policy graduates in 2008 with the purpose of nurturing capable leadership in political parties and civil society organizations. Sandhi’s vision is to create a society where social justice and democratic governance prevails. Until now, Sandhi’s vision and mission are not much different from its past ones. It holds the vision of creating just, democratic and open society and its mission is promoting democratic governance in Myanmar. In relation to its vision and mission, Sandhi’s main objectives focus on enhancing capacity of main political parties, increasing transparency and accountability in public sector and strengthening participation of all key stakeholders in public affairs and major investments. Sandhi’s main programs include training, public-private partnership (PPP) and research program. Under training program, Sandhi is implementing 2-week (4 times) political leadership training for political parties and advocacy CSOs and short-term governance, public policy and leadership trainings. PPP program will provide trainings to relevant parliamentary committees, civil servants from implementing ministries and private sector for responsible investments, facilitating public-private dialogue for transparency and monitoring new PPP projects particularly BRI related ones. Under research program, Sandhi implemented public procurement research in 1 state and 2 regions (6 townships) in cooperation with The Asia Foundation from 2018 Dec to 2019 February. Sandhi has also published social research reports and data for those reports were collected by Sandhi’s political leadership training participants.  

.a_wrap {font-size:14px; font-family:Nanum Gothic, Sans-serif, Arial; line-height:20px;} Editor's Note The EAI has provided ongoing research and institutional assistance to the strengthening of Myanmar civil society organizations since 2015 with the support of National Endowment for Democracy (NED). In 2019, Myanmar partner organizations established Myanmar Democracy Research Network (MDRN) and conducted a joint public opinion survey on Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC)’s public services. This series of reports is compiled as a part of the “Strengthening Civil Society Organizations in Myanmar Year Three” program. As the second paper of the series, Naushawng Development Institute (NDI) published “Municipal Solid Waste Management”. As more people live in urban areas and the income level increases, higher amounts of daily waste leads waste management as one of the biggest challenges for Yangon City. NDI, by using the result of the 2019 MDRN Survey, assesses public awareness of municipal solid waste management and examines public perspectives on the quality and performance of municipal solid waste services. The authors argue that there is ample room for YCDC to improve its waste management sys-tem and give six policy recommendations.     Introduction Solid waste may be defined as “useless, unused, unwanted, or discarded material available in solid form.” Semisolid food wastes and municipal sludge may also be included in municipal solid waste. However, in Myanmar waste management means the management of waste from all human and animals activities which is normally useless or unwanted (MDRN, 2015). Today, solid waste is a major problem facing many societies (Singh, Gupta, and Chaudhary, 2014). In Yangon city, normally, residents produce 1,690 tons by day (TPD) of municipal waste is generated from the households, commercial centres, institutions, and industries, with a rate of 0.396kg per capita per day. Since the municipality does not collect this waste separately, but instead carries all waste from households, institutions, and industry together on the same truck, the waste has not been separated. Although some households, institutions, and commercial enterprises separate their waste, all waste is finally mixed on the collection trucks, and disposed together in final dumping sites. (MDRN, 2015).  Yangon City is situated in the Yangon Region and is the largest city in Myanmar. There are forty-six townships in the Yangon Region and thirty-three townships in Yangon City proper. The population of Yangon City totals 5.2 million (5,209,541), representing 70.8% of the entire population in the Yangon Region. According to the 2014 Myanmar population and housing census, the population density of the Yangon Region was 716 people per square kilometer. The population density of the Yangon Region increased from 310 persons per square kilometer in 1973 to 387 persons per square kilometer in 1983, and again to 716 persons per square kilometer in 2014 (UNFPA, 2015). As urban population growth and increased income levels have generated higher amounts of daily waste, waste management is becoming one of the biggest challenges for Yangon City. According to the World Population Review, the population of Yangon went from half a million in 1941 to over one million less than ten years later, an increase of 160%. It is expected to reach 5.3 million in 2020 and 5.9 million in 2025 with an annual population growth rate of 22.3% (World Population Review, 2019). In 2016, a study done by UN Habitat and the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) showed that the total waste generation was 2,069 metric tons per day and is expected to increase further. Estimates predict that the daily waste generation in Yangon will reach 3,906 metric tons per day in 2026 and 7,444 metric tons in 2036 (YCDC, 2018). Thus, the YCDC Department of Pollution Control and Cleansing plays a crucial role in planning and managing suitable waste collection and disposal sys-tems in its taxed townships and wards. The aims of this public opinion research survey are: To assess public awareness of municipal solid waste management To understand public perspectives on the quality and performance of municipal solid waste services To explore public expectations of the YCDC with regard to solid waste management sys-tem To recommend strategies and identify areas for improvement   Table of Contents This paper is organized in nine parts as follows: 1. Introduction 2.  Overall Assessment of Yangon City’s Cleanliness 3. Public Practices on and Awareness of Waste Disposal 4. Waste Disposal in Public Areas 5. Quality and Performance of YCDC’s Solid Waste Management 6. Common Problems in Daily Waste Disposal 7. Public Expectations of YCDC Services 8. Public Suggestions on Improving YCDC Services 9. Conclusion and Recommendations   Author Naushawng Development Institute (NDI) is an independent, non-profit education and development organization founded on April 9th2009 by Kachin scholars committed to strengthening democracy and community development in northern Myanmar. NDI contributes to democratic transition, peace building and sustainable development in Myanmar through training; education; advocacy; research and policy development analysis, as well as networking